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โครงการรวบรวมและจัดทําเอกสารวารสารอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์


                     วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์ ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 1 (มกราคม-มิถุนายน 2557)   201

                2. Literature Review
                       Figurative Language
                       Figurative  language  is  a  significant  device  in  literature.  It  is  an

                efficient linguistic device that conveys imagery meanings and helps complete
                literary interaction (Pickering and Hoeper, 1994 and Perrine and Arp, 1993).
                Figurative language comprises two main features, imagery and comparison,
                in various ways to stimulate the reader’s imagination.

                       Various experts have introduced lists of figures of speech. However,
                the preliminary investigation of the data suggests that the list introduced by
                Pickering and Hoeper (1994) seems to be suited well with this study since
                their work directly relates to the literary genre. Based on this framework,
                eighteen types of figurative language were chosen to guide this study as

                follows: 1) Metaphor 2) Simile 3) Synecdoche 4) Metonymy 5) Symbol 6)
                Personification 7) Allegory 8) Irony 9) Hyperbole 10) Allusion 11) Ambiguity
                12) Apostrophe 13) Paradox 14) Animism 15) Repetition 16) Juxtaposition
                17) Pun 18) Incongruity

                       Nevertheless, due to the limited space here, only definitions of the
                five types of figurative language most commonly found in this study will be
                presented.  ‘Metaphor’  refers  to  the  implicit  comparison  based  on  shared
                background knowledge between the author and the audience. ‘Hyperbole’ is

                the exaggeration or overstatement used for emphasizing strong meaning of
                the intended messages. ‘Personification’ is giving human qualities to non-
                living things, namely an object or idea. ‘Irony’ refers to a device of using
                literal  meaning  to  contradict  the  actual  or  intended  meaning.   Lastly,
                ‘Repetition’  is  the  form  of  repetition  of  a  word  or  phrases,  mainly  for
                establishing a prominent message. The use of these five devices will be
                discussed later in the findings.
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