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โครงการหนังสออเล็กทรอนกสด้านการเกษตร เฉลมพระเกียรตพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว
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Table 3-6 Teak provenance trials
Established year No. of provenance
1982 18
1983 16
1986 12
1998 10
2007 8 Pyinmana
2007 9 Kyaukdaga
Institutional Arrangements
Forest management in Myanmar developed
over centuries. Myanmar kings formulated
a complex system designed to maximize
revenue and control. The teak trade was
controlled by regulating extraction from the
forest under a system of girdling, and
Myanmar's involvement in the teak trade
predated that of the Europeans. Systematic
forest management was initiated in 1856,
and, until recently, the guiding principles
had been derived from a policy document
prepared in 1894 (Gyi & Tint, 1998).
The forest policy recognized and
emphasized the following six imperatives:
(1) the Protection of soils, water,
vegetation and wildlife, (2) Sustainability
of forest resources to ensure perpetual
supply of both tangible and intangible
benefits accrued from the forests for the
present and future generations, (3) the Basis
needs of the people for fuel, shelter, food
and recreation, (4) Efficiency to harness, in
a socio-environmentally friendly manner,
the full economic potential of forest
resources, (5) People's participation in
forest management and biodiversity
conservation and utilization of forest
resources, and (6) the Awareness of the
vital role of the forests in the well-being and
socio-economic development of the nation.
The Burma Forest Act 1902 and subsequent
amendments were in use until the
Government promulgated new forest
legislation in November 1992. The
important instruments for implementation
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TEAK IN MEKONG
Location
Pyinmana
Oktwin
Pyinmana
Oktwin
of forest resource management and
biodiversity conservation are:
1. Forest Policy (1995, revised in 2018);
2. Forest Law (1992, revised 2018);
3. Forest Rules (1995);
4. Protection of Wildlife and Wild Plants
and Conservation of Natural Areas Law
(1994);
5. Myanmar Agenda 21 together with
Environmental Policy
6. Departmental Instructions for Forest
Officers in Myanmar 1955
7. Working Plan Manual, Myanmar 1938
8. Standing Orders for Subordinates,
Forest Department 1959
9. Community Forestry Instructions 1995
(revised in 2019)
The policy prescribes, inter alia, the
following facts;
1) to gazette 30% of the total land area of
the country as reserve forest and 5% under
a protected area system;
2) to introduce a system of environment
pricing based on the "polluter pays"
principle to compensate for environmental
and ecological degradation;
3) to pursue a sound programme of forest
development through regeneration and
rehabilitation operations to optimize
productivity from natural forest;