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โครงการหนังสออเล็กทรอนกสด้านการเกษตร เฉลมพระเกียรตพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว
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TEAK IN MEKONG
illicit cutting. Forest resources, though special teak plantation program would,
scientifically managed since 1856, have therefore, lead to the establishment of teak
been decreasing gradually both in extend plantations over an area of 324,000 ha at the
and quality due to increased population end of the 40-year rotation. A sustainable
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pressure and consequent rising demands for production of 572,000 m3 to 930,000 m of
timber for domestic and foreign uses. teak is estimated to be available annual
Annual production of teak is estimated to be from 8,100 ha of these plantations by the
about 450,000 m3 (1991-2000 average) end of the rotation. Teak plantations will be
decreased to 230,000 m3 (2000-2011 formed only on locations with site quality
average), in the form of logs and sawn II/III and better.
timbers, of which are mostly from natural In Myanmar there are four broad ecological
forests. From forestry sector, the total zones namely: Moist Humid (Northern
foreign exchange earning of Myanmar Hilly Region), Dry Humid (Eastern High
comes from export of timber (Soe, 2009), Plateau), Moist (Southern Plain, Hill and
about 90 % of which is derived from teak Deltaic Area), and Dry (Central Plain).
(Kyaw, 2003). Although there were plenty Teak plantations are mainly concentrated in
of teak trees in the natural forests, in the Bago Yoma Region, which falls in
Myanmar, in various densities, teak moist ecological zones, a well-known place
plantations were established in a of high-quality natural teak forests. The
compensatory way up to 1962. In area of teak plantations established in 1998
Myanmar, extensive teak plantations were had already reached 195,043 ha,
formed in the 1970s, and a further large- constituting about 41% of the total area of
scale plantation program was launched all plantations established in Myanmar.
commencing from 1980. It started with an
annual target of 6,200 ha, increasing Forest Resources
gradually. The Forest Department (FD) of Possessing a great variation of forest
Myanmar launched a special teak plantation ecoregions, there are six major forest types
program in early 1998 in addition to the in Myanmar. Areas of respective forest
existing teak plantation scheme. The types are shown in Figure 3-1 and Table 3-
special program is incorporated with major 1. The majority of the forest area is covered
reforms placing emphasis primarily on by mixed deciduous forest, and hill and
increased timber production and on temperate evergreen forests, accounting for
overcoming the environmental constraints 38.20 and 26.92%, respectively.
experienced by forest plantations. The
Table 3-1 Area of major forest types in Myanmar in 2020
No. Major forest types Area (ha) % of forested area
1. Mangrove Forest 325,259.20 1.12
2. Tropical Evergreen Forest 5,024,093.00 17.30
3. Mixed Deciduous Forest 11,093,662.00 38.20
4. Dry Forest 2,904,100.00 10.00
5. Deciduous Dipterocarp 1,237,146.60 4.26
6. Hill and Temperate Evergreen 7,817,837.20 26.92
7. Scrub and Grass Land 638,902.00 2.20
Total Forest Area 29,041,000.00 100.00
Source: Forest Department (2020)
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